Overview
Nephrology and urology focus on the urinary system and kidney health. Nephrology deals with kidney diseases, while urology addresses issues of the urinary tract, bladder, and male reproductive system. Together, these specialties ensure the proper functioning of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Common Diseases

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Gradual loss of kidney function due to diabetes, hypertension, or infections.
• Kidney Stones: Hard mineral deposits causing severe pain and urinary blockage.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Bacterial infections affecting the bladder, urethra, or kidneys.
• Prostate Disorders: Enlargement or cancer of the prostate gland in men.
• Nephrotic Syndrome: Kidney damage leading to protein loss in urine.

Causes

• Diabetes, high blood pressure, or infections.
• Dehydration and poor dietary habits.
• Genetic predisposition or autoimmune disorders.
• Obstruction in the urinary tract or trauma.

Treatments

• Medications: Antibiotics, diuretics, or antihypertensives.
• Dialysis: For kidney failure to filter toxins.
• Surgical Interventions: Removal of stones, prostate surgery, or kidney transplant.
• Lifestyle Changes: Hydration, low-sodium diet, and regular exercise.

Precautions

• Drink plenty of water and maintain a balanced diet.
• Manage chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
• Regular health check-ups for early detection of kidney or urinary issues.

Conclusion
Nephrology and urology improve kidney and urinary health, ensuring early treatment and long-term wellness.